~ethnic relation project~

Hope all of you enjoy watching our video~

Feedback From Questionnaire

A-Create cooperation with other sectors to improve the quality of local product
B-Create conducive environment to encourage growth in the agricultural sector
C-Preserving use of natural resources







A-Imbalances in domestic production because agricultural production is not consistent.
B-Majority frozen substance food processing industries are imported.
C-People in Malaysia are not interested to promote national product on the global sate
D-as a step towards a new frontier




A-to improve productivity and competitiveness.
B-to preserve and utilize natural resources on an ongoing basis
C-to deepen linkages with other sectors
D-to improve productivity and competitiveness., to deepen linkages with other sectors., to preserve and utilize natural resources on an ongoing basis.
E-as a step towards a new frontier

~YaSmIN AhMaD in MeMory~ (Individual Presentation)

13th may- REMEMBER YESTERDAY....

ViDeO fAsAl dAsAr EkOnOmI bArU....

~..~individual presentation time~..~ (~_~) ~gReAt LEgeNd in ARt~

"Karya seni adalah satu daripada kerja Tuhan.

Oleh itu, buatlah sungguh-sungguh dengan penuh kejujuran."

"Art is a work of God. Do it with upmost sincerity"

"Membuat filem haruslah dari 'idea' dan 'feeling'."

"Making film must be from idea and feeling"

"Sesuatu yang kita nak cari atau hasilkan bukan mesti apa sahaja yang terlintas terus kita tulis. Kita harus cari dan berfikir sehingga dapat sesuatu yang baru dan luar biasa."

"Whatever we looking for or create is not necessary anything that comes to mind that we write. We must search and think hard for something new and unique."

"Muzik adalah nadi sesebuah filem."

"Music is the heart of a film."

"Dalam studio mata yang melihat kamu berlakon hanya beberapa kerat, tetapi filem ini akan ditonton oleh beribu mata yang akan menilai lakonan kamu.

Oleh itu berlakon bukan satu perkara yang main-main atau asal boleh."

"In studio only a few eyes are watching you, but the film would be seen by thousand eyes who would judge your acting. Therefore, acting is no fooling around or mediocrity"

"Bila menulis cerita, kamu kena bayangkan siapa bakal pelakon yang boleh memegang watak yang ingin diadakan itu. Bila sudah nampak dalam kepala, baru dapat habiskan cerita ini berdasarkan orang yang akan pegang peranan itu."

"When writing a story, visualise in your mind which actor would able to play the character you make. After you seen in your head, you could complete the story based on the person playing that character."

"Sebarang mesej atau nilai-nilai moral yang baik harus diselitkan secara tidak dipaksa dan kita perlu peka dengan motif yang nak disampaikan. Dialog yang akan disampaikan oleh pelakon tidak perlu berjela-jela, harus tepat dan mudah."

"Whatever message and moral values which are good must be injected without force, and we have to be careful of the intended motive. Dialogs given by the actor need not be long winded, must be direct and simple."

TAN SRI P.RAMLEE

Name: Teuku Zakaria Teuku Nyak Puteh @ Ramli Puteh

Known as: P Ramlee (since 1947)

Nationality: Malaysian

Birthplace: Grandmother's house at 40A Counter Hall *, Penang, Malaya
(* Renamed Jalan P Ramlee on 30 Aug 1983)

Date of birth: Morning of Idil Fitri on 22 March 1929 (Wednesday)

Father: Teuku Nyak Puteh Teuku Karim (1902 - 1955)

Mother: Che Mah Hussein (1904 - 1967)

Sibling: Sheikh Ali Mohamad (Step brother. Mother was Che Mah Hussein.)

Spouse:
Junaidah Daeng Harris (Married 1950. Divorced 1954.)
Noorizan Mohd Noor (Married on 6 Feb 1955. Divorced 1961.)
Salmah Ismail a.k.a. Saloma (Married on 21 Nov 1961.)

Children:
Mohamad Nasir (Son. Born 1953. Mother was Junaidah.)
Arfan (Son. Born 1954. Mother was Junaidah.)
Sazali (Son. Born 1958.)
Armali bin Aman Ramlie a.k.a. A R Tompel (Step son. Born 1953. Mother was Saloma.)
Safarina bte Mum @ Dian P Ramlee (Adopted daughter of Saloma. Chinese parentage.)
Zakiah bte Ahmad Rejab @ Zazaloma (Adopted daughter. Born 1963.)
Sabarudin bin Ramlee @ Badin (Abdopted son. Born 1966.)

Education:
Kampung Jawa Malay School
Francis Light English School (1939 - 1941)
Japanese Navy School 'Kaigun Gakko' (World War II)
Penang Free School (1945 - 1947)

Profession: Actor, singer, comedian, songwriter, screenwriter and film director.

390 songs: as singer, songwriter and/or composer.

66 films: as actor, singer, screenwriter and/or film director.

Stageplays:
'Jiwa Putera Melayu' (1956) as director.
'Sultan Mahmood Mangkat Di Julang' (1959) as writer and director.
'Damaq' (1962) as director.
'Sam Pek Ang Tai' (1972) as actor and director.

Radio dramas:
'Jiwa Putera Melayu' (1955) as producer.
'Kachep Mas' (1961) as writer and director.

Television dramas:
'Intan' (1971) as actor, singer and composer.
'Rantau Selamat' (1972) as actor, singer and composer.

Career Highlights: Travelled to Singapore on Idil Fitri to audition for Malay Film Productions of Jalan Ampas (8 Aug 1948).

Moved to Kuala Lumpur to join Merdeka Film Productions of Ulu Klang (16 Apr 1964).

Awards: Various awards throughout career.

Music Group:
'Nada Minggu' in Penang, Malaya
'Orkes Mutiara' in Penang, Malaya (1946)
'Pancharagam Rangkaian Melati' in Penang, Malaya (1946)
'Pemuda Indonesia Keronchong Party' in Penang, Malaya (1946)
'Sinaran Bintang Sore' in Penang, Malaya (1946)
'Coronation Amateur Party' in Penang, Malaya (1947)
'Teruna Sekampong' in Penang, Malaya (1947)
'Pancharagam Mustika' in Penang, Malaya (1948)
'Kembang Murni Keronchong Party' in Singapore (1949)
'Orkes Malay Film Productions' in Singapore
'Pancha Sitara' in Singapore (1960)
'P Ramlee Keronchong Orkes' in Singapore (Oct 1960)
'Pancha Sitara II' in Singapore (Dec 1960)
'The Veteran' in Singapore
'Ben Puteh 5 Merdu Orchestra' in Kuala Lumpur (1970)

Film participation:
Asian Film Festivals (Hong Kong*, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur*, Manila*, Seoul, Singapore, Taipeh* and Tokyo*)
International Film Festivals (Paris* and Berlin).
* Awards winning

Death: Died of heart attack at 5.30 a.m. on 29 May 1973 (Tuesday) at age 44.
Buried at muslim cemetary of Jalan Ampang in Kuala Lumpur.

In his own words
On censorships of Malay films

"Saya berani potong jari, kalau filem luar negara yang dimasukkan ke sini juga dikenakan larangan atau undang-undang penapisan yang sama beratnya seperti yang dikenakan terhadap filem Melayu, iaitu potong adegan cium, dipotong adegan menunjukkan peha wanita, dipotong adegan seks, perkelahian ngeri, dipotong adegan yang melanggar tata tertib dan sebagainya sama seperti filem Melayu, sudah tentu filem Melayu akan setaraf darjahnya dan sama kuat pengaruh pasarannya seperti filem yang diimport dari Hollywood, Itali, Perancis, Hong Kong, Jepun, Mesir dan di mana juga pusat yang mengeluarkan filem dalam dunia ini."

This is a task that was given by our Ethnic Relation Lecturer , Mr. Ahmad bin Ibrahim. Please kindly give your respond about all the question in the Questionnaire below. We had given two weeks to finish this task. Then we need to present the respond we had got in our class. So, what you waiting for....JUST ANSWER IT!!!...

National Agricultural Policy of Third (NAP3)

OBJECTIVES :-
• to give more information about this policy.
• to help students more clear about this policy.

Gender :








The best way to improve productivity agricultural?


Create cooperation with other sectors to improve the quality of local product

Preserving use of natural resources

Create conducive environment to encourage growth in the agricultural sector

Enhancing food security and create new sources of the agricultural sector






Total workforce in the agricultural sector decreased from 2005 to 2010


Yes

No






Contribution of quality products based on agricultural to national income and export earnings are very limited in this country.


Yes

No






If you answered yes to the question above, why do you feel this situation happen?


Majority frozen substance food processing industries are imported.

Imbalances in domestic production because agricultural production is not consistent.

People in Malaysia are not interested to promote national product on the global sate






Among the following new approach is focused by NAP3?


to improve productivity and competitiveness.

to deepen linkages with other sectors.

as a step towards a new frontier.

to preserve and utilize natural resources on an ongoing basis.






Concern for the environment both domestically and globally require a more innovative practices and efficient for the continued development of this sector.


Yes

No

oNe maLaYsIa PiCtUrEs.......

malaysia truly asia......





ethnic relation......


different culture.......


adik patriotik.......


tugu negara.....


1malaysia....

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, our fourth Prime Minister..............

Full Biography

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PMs of Malaysia - Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad

TUN DR MAHATHIR MOHAMAD (1981 – 2003) Born on 20 December 1925 in Alor Setar, the capital of the State of Kedah, Tun Dr. Mahathir did his early and secondary education in his home town. In 1947, he gained admission into the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore. Upon graduation, he joined the Malaysian government service as a Medical Officer. He left in 1957 to set up his own practice in Alor Setar. Tun Dr. Mahathir has been active in politics since 1945. He has been a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) since its inception in 1946. He was first elected as a Member of Parliament following the General Elections in 1964. However, he lost his seat in the subsequent General Election in 1969. Owing to his keen interest in the country's education, he was appointed Chairman of the first Higher Education Council in 1968, Member of the Higher Education Advisory Council in 1972, Member of the University Court and University of Malaya Council, and Chairman of the National University Council in 1974. In 1973, Tun Dr. Mahathir was appointed a Senator. He relinquished this post in order to contest in the 1974 General Elections where he was returned unopposed. Following the elections, Tun Dr. Mahathir was appointed the Minister of Education. In 1976, Tun Dr. Mahathir was made Deputy Prime Minister in addition to his Education portfolio. In a Cabinet reshuffle two years later, he relinquished the Education portfolio for that of Trade and Industry. As Minister of Trade and Industry, he led several investment promotion missions overseas. Tun Dr. Mahathir was elected as one of the three Vice Presidents of UMNO in 1975. In 1978, he won the Deputy President seat and in 1981, he was appointed President of the party. He was returned unopposed as President in 1984. In the 1987 party elections, Tun Dr. Mahathir defeated his challenger to retain the Presidency and in 1990 and 1993, he was again returned unopposed as party President. Under his leadership, the ruling party Barisan Nasional (National Front) won landslide victories in the 1982, 1986, 1990, 1995 and 1999 General Elections. Tun Dr. Mahathir is married to a doctor, Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah bt Mohd Ali, and they have seven children Marina, Mirzan, Melinda, Mokhzani, Mukhriz, Maizura and Mazhar. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad became the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia on 16 July 1981 and stepped down as Prime Minister on October 31st 2003. Writing is one of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad's passions. He started writing while in school. In the 1940s and '50s, under the pen name "Che Det", he actively wrote articles on Malay politics and economic issues, which were published in The Sunday Times. He continued writing throughout his career, and one of his most famous treatises, The Malay Dilemma (1970), influenced policy and policy makers in the aftermath of the 1969 racial riots. Tun Dr. Mahathir is also an avid horse rider and enjoys reading fiction. "I read a lot of novels, stories written by well-known authors like Wilbur Smith and Ken Follet. It's a way of avoiding heavy books". Source: www.pmo.gov.my

konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia...........

Between 1962 and 1966 Indonesia and Malaysia fought a small, undeclared war which came to involve troops from Australia and Britain. The conflict resulted from a belief by Indonesia's President Sukarno that the creation of the Federation of Malaysia, which became official in September 1963, represented an attempt by Britain to maintain colonial rule behind the cloak of independence granted to its former colonial possessions in south-east Asia.

The term "Confrontation" was coined by Indonesia's Foreign Minister, Dr Subandrio, in January 1963, and it has come to refer to Indonesia's efforts at that time to destabilise the new federation, with a view to breaking it up. The actual war began when Indonesia launched a series of cross-border raids into Malaysian territory in early 1963.

The antagonism that gave rise to Confrontation was already apparent in December 1962, when a small party of armed insurgents, with Indonesian backing, attempted to seize power in the independent enclave of Brunei, only to be defeated by British troops from Singapore. By early 1963 military activity had increased along the Indonesian side of the border in Borneo, as small parties of armed men began infiltrating Malaysian territory on propaganda and sabotage missions. These cross-border raids, carried out by Indonesian "volunteers", continued throughout 1963; by 1964 Indonesian regular army units had also become involved.

Malaya, 29 October 1964: captured infiltrators emerge from the jungle near Sungei Kesang, South of Terendak. D Coy 3 RAR troops guard them
AWM P01499.003

Australian units which fought during Confrontation did so as part of a larger British and Commonwealth force under overall British command. Australia's commitment to operations against Indonesia in Borneo and West Malaysia fell within the context of its membership in the Far East Strategic Reserve.

At first the Australian government kept its troops from becoming involved in Confrontation, not least because of fears that the conflict would spread to the long - and difficult to defend - border between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Requests from both the British and Malaysian governments in 1963-64 for the deployment of Australian troops in Borneo met with refusal, though the Australian government did agree that its troops could be used for the defence of the Malay peninsula against external attack. In the event, such attacks occurred twice, in September and October 1964, when Indonesia launched paratroop and amphibious raids against Labis and Pontian, on the south-western side of the peninsula. Members of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) were used in clean-up operations against the invading troops. Although these attacks were easily repelled, they did pose a serious risk of escalating the fighting; the Australian government relented in January 1965 and agreed to the deployment of a battalion in Borneo.

The military situation in Borneo thus far had consisted of company bases located along the border between Indonesia and Malaysia to protect centres of population from enemy incursions. By 1965 the British government had given permission for more aggressive action to be taken, and the security forces now mounted cross-border operations with the purpose of obtaining intelligence and forcing the Indonesians to remain on the defensive on their own side of the border. Uncertain where the Commonwealth forces might strike next, the Indonesians increasingly devoted their resources to protecting their own positions and correspondingly less on offensive operations, although these continued on a much reduced scale.

Sarawak, British North Borneo, 1965: soldiers of 3 RAR board a Belvedere helicopter to search for Indonesian infiltrators
AWM P01706.003

The first Australian battalion, 3 RAR, arrived in Borneo in March 1965 and served in Sarawak until the end of July. During this time the battalion conducted extensive operations on both sides of the border, were engaged in four major contacts with Indonesian units, and twice suffered casualties from land mines. Its replacement, the 28th Brigade, 4 RAR, also served in Sarawak - from April until August 1966. Although it had a less active tour, the 28th Brigade also operated on the Indonesian side of the border and was involved in clashes with Indonesian regulars. Altogether, two squadrons of the Special Air Service, a troop of the Royal Australian Signals , several artillery batteries and parties of the Royal Australian Engineers were involved in Borneo, in addition to the two infantry battalions. Ships of the Royal Australian Navy served in the surrounding waters and several RAAF squadrons were also involved in Confrontation.

Member of 4RAR cleaning a Bren gun at a camp near the Sarawak/Kalimantan border, 1966. The marks on his legs are an antiseptic applied to mosquito bites sustained on jungle patrols
AWM P01654.008

Continuing negotiations between Indonesia and Malaysia ended the conflict, and the two sides signed a peace treaty in Bangkok in August 1966. Twenty-three Australians were killed during Confrontation, seven of them on operations, and eight were wounded. Because of the sensitivity of the cross-border operations, which remained secret at the time, Confrontation received very little coverage in the Australian press.

wHy Is CuLtUrE ImPoRtAnT??????

Culture is important because

When the word "culture" is mentioned, we can think of many things as "cultural", such as language, clothings... etc, because we classify cultures of different places. However, culture is so valuable that it has to be kept for thousands of years,and passed on by one generation to another. Culture is so important that it is more than its distinct visible features, if we extends this to the inner self of a person, to members within a society, further to the whole community, maybe we can find some answers by finding out how they are affected by culture.

and also...

Since culture can form invisible bonds between members in the community, this can hold people with the same cultural background together, passing on the values. This propogation of values is can not only transmit culture knowledge and retain the relationship among people, it also builds up a long term tradition after years and years. Culture is strengthened in this way because it can give background and reference to its later generations of its ability of keeping the long-term tradition, gaining the sense of belonging of people to the country of that culture.

Culture is that invisible bond, which ties the people of a community together. It refers to the pattern of human activity. The art, literature, language and religion of a community represent the community’s culture. Culture manifests itself through the lifestyle of the individuals of a community. The moral values of the people of a community also represent their culture. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the living of the people. The different cultures of the world have brought in diversity in the ways of life of the people inhabiting different parts of the world. You might want to know about the characteristics of culture.

Culture is related to the development of one’s attitude. One’s culture plays an important role in shaping the principles of the individual’s life. The cultural values of an individual have a deep impact on his/her attitude towards life. According to the behaviorist definition of culture, it is the ultimate system of social control where people monitor their own standards and behavior. A community’s culture lays the foundation of the living of its people. The cultural values serve as the founding principles of one’s life. They shape an individual’s thinking and influence his/her mindset.

Why is culture important? It is definitely because it gives an individual a unique identity. The culture of a community gives its people a character of their own. Culture shapes the personality of a community. The language that a community speaks, the art forms it hosts, its staple food, its customs, traditions and festivities comprise the community’s culture. The importance of culture cannot be stressed enough as it is an integral part of living. For those of you interested in exploring the different cultures of the world, here is your guide to world culture and heritage.

eVeRyThInG abOuT ThE cOnStItUtIoN Of MaLaYsIA........

History

A constitutional conference was held in London from 18th January to 6th February 1956 attended by a delegation from the Federation of Malaya, consisting of four representatives of the Rulers, the Chief Minister of the Federation (Tunku Abdul Rahman) and three other ministers, and also by the British High Commissioner in Malaya and his advisers.

The conference proposed the appointment of an independent commission to devise a constitution for a fully self-governing and independent Federation of Malaya. This proposal was accepted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and the Malay Rulers.

Accordingly, a commission headed by Lord William Reid, a distinguished Lord of Appeal in ordinary, and consisting of constitutional experts from fellow Commonwealth countries was appointed by the Queen and the Malay Rulers. The commission was appropriately called the Reid Commission.

The Constitution of Malaya was drafted based on the advice of the Reid Commission which conducted a study in 1956. The Constitution came into force on August 27, 1957. Formal independence was only achieved on August 31, however.

The constitutional machinery devised to bring the new constitution into force consisted of:

• In the United Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957, together with the Orders in Council made under it.
• The Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957 between the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the Federation of Malaya.
• In the Federation, the Federal Constitution Ordinance 1957 by the Parliament.
• In each of the Malay states, state enactments approving and giving force of law to the federal constitution.

The Constitution of Malaya (with significant amendments) was used as the basis for the Constitution of Malaysia when Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore merged to form Malaysia in 1963.

Amendments

The constitution itself provides by Articles 159 and 161E how it may be amended (it may be amended by federal law), and in brief there are four ways by which it may be amended:

1. Some articles may be amended only by a two-thirds majority in each House of Parliament but only if the Conference of Rulers consents. These include:

• Amendments pertaining to the powers of sultans and their respective states
• The status of Islam in the Federation
• The special position of the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak
• The status of the Malay language as the official language

2. Some articles of special interest to East Malaysia, may be amended by a two-thirds majority in each House of Parliament but only if the Governor of the East Malaysian state concurs. These include:

• Citizenship of persons born before Malaysia Day
• The constitution and juridiction of the High Court of Borneo
• The matters with respect to which the legislature of the state may or may not make laws, the executive authority of the state in those matters and financial arrangement between the Federal government and the state.
• Special treatment of natives of the state

3. Some articles may be amended by a two-thirds majority in each House of Parliament, and these amendments do not require the consent of anybody outside Parliament

4. Some articles, these are not the most important, may be amended by a simple majority in Parliament.

Interpretation

According to constitutional scholar Shad Saleem Faruqi, the Constitution has been amended 42 times over the 48 years since independence as of 2005. However, as several amendments were made each time, he estimates the true number of individual amendments is around 650. He has stated that "there is no doubt" that "the spirit of the original document has been diluted".^[1] This sentiment has been echoed by other legal scholars, who argue that important parts of the original Constitution, such as jus soli (right of birth) citizenship, a limitation on the variation of the number of electors in constituencies, and Parliamentary control of emergency powers have been so modified or altered by amendments that "the present Federal Constitution bears only a superficial resemblance to its original model".^[2] It has been estimated that between 1957 and 2003, "almost thirty articles have been added and repealed" as a consequence of the frequent amendments.^[3]

In July 2007, the Court of Appeal held that the doctrine of separation of powers was an integral part of the Constitution; under the Westminster System Malaysia inherited form the British, separation of powers was originally only loosely provided for.^[4]

Organisation

The Constitution is divided into 14 parts and 13 Schedules. Each part and schedule contain relevant articles. There are 181 articles in the 14 parts, including those which have been repealed.

Parts

• Part I - The States, Religion and Law of the Federation
• Part II - Fundamental Liberties
• Part III - Citizenship
• Part IV - The Federation
• Part V - The States
• Part VI - Relations Between the Federation and the States
• Part VII - Financial Provisions
• Part VIII - Elections
• Part IX - The Judiciary
• Part X - Public Services
• Part XI - Special Powers Against Subversion, Organised Violence, and Acts and Crimes Prejudicial to the Public and Emergency Powers
• Part XII - General and Miscellaneous
• Part XIIA - Additional Protections for States of Sabah and Sarawak
• Part XIII - Temporary and Transitional Provisions
• Part XIV - Saving for Rulers' Sovereignty, Etc.

Schedules

• First Schedule - Oath of Applications for Registration of Naturalisation
• Second Schedule - Citizenship of persons born before, on and after Malaysia Day
• Third Schedule - Election and removal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his deputy
• Fourth Schedule - Oaths of Office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his deputy
• Fifth Schedule - The Conference of Rulers
• Sixth Schedule - Forms of Oaths and Affirmations
• Seventh Schedule - Election and Retirement of Senators
• Eighth Schedule - Provisions to be inserted in State Constitution
• Ninth Schedule - Legislative Lists (The responsibilities and rights of the Federal and State government)
• Tenth Schedule - Grants and Source of Revenue Assigned to States
• Eleventh Schedule - Provisions of the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1948 (Malayan Union Ordinance no. 7 of 1948), Applied for Interpretation of the Constitution
• Twelfth Schedule - (Repealed)
• Thirteenth Schedule - Provisions Relating to Delimitation of Constituencies
• Notes - The original texts of articles 1 to 15 before they were modified.

BeHiNd tHe FoRmAtIoN Of MaLaYsIa.......

I thought my previous article was clear enough on the importance of 31st August as the date where Malaysia achieved it’s independence.

It is important not only as a platform to unite the various people in Malaysia but also as the focal point of our own spirit of patriotism. In other words, the seeds of patriotism should be conceived from one exact date of our independence.

But some felt otherwise and opined that Malaysia should only be recognised from 1963, not 1957. In that sense, whatever country we had in those early 6 years was irrelevant. Is this reasonable? Yes, you can celebrate 16th September but why must you ridicule 31st August?

Some argued that Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak should owe no gratitude at all to Malaya (at that time). They reasoned that they were already an independent state and that this country was established solely due to their own freewill when they joined to form Malaysia. But the fact of the matter is, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak couldn’t even achieve independence without the help of the Federal Government of Malaya especially through the main driving force behind its formation – Tunku Abdul Rahman.

Please read Tunku’s own writings below on the background story behind the formation of Malaysia. Maybe then people will understand the value of 31st August 1957 over this entire region.

Taken from his book ‘Political Awakening’, I hope people will be awakened to the fact that petty arguments over which date is more important could never replace the insurmountable force of a united country and its unified people.

Chapter 14

THE BIRTH OF MALAYSIA

The year 1959 was one of the most successful and delightful years in the history of Malaya. Everything seemed to go well for the nation. So well it was that I as a leader of the party and the Government had a foreboding that something might go wrong because the year was much too good to be true. I declared myself ‘the happiest Prime Minister in the world’. Money poured into the country, business boomed, new industries grew up, and there was complete peace and harmony in the country.

And curiously enough it was a year which we could say was almost free of serious crimes, our fame spread abroad, and we made many new friends, and enhanced our reputation, so much so that the people in our neighboring States of Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei made contacts with us with the request to join the Federation of Malaya. After all, according to them, the administration of all these States was run by the same British administration. Therefore it was easy, and only natural for these States to merge with Malaya.

On May 27, 1961, I was invited by the Foreign Press Association to a lunch in Singapore, and in the course of my speech I mentioned the need for the merger of these States – Singapore, Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei – with Malaya, little thinking that what I had to say would be given worldwide publicity. On June 3, 1961, the Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr Lee Kuan Yew, made a speech in support of my proposal to form the new State which would include Singapore, the Borneo States and Brunei.

In October 1961, the Malayan Parliament supported unanimously my proposal to form Malaysia. Umno at its meeting on November 4, 1961 in Kuala Lumpur agreed with the formation of the new State of Malaysia (Melayu Raya). This led me to London where I had a profitable discussion with the British Prime Minister who declared his support for the formation of Malaysia.

He suggested, however, that before we could make an official decision we had to ascertain the views of the people living in these territories of Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo and Brunei. A commission would be appointed by both governments to ascertain the views of the people. Britain should be allowed to continue to maintain its defense base in Singapore.

As a step towards a merger, Sabah formed Usno (United Sabah National Organisation) under the leadership of Tun Datu Mustapha Datu Harun. Usno represented the people of all races and tribes living in Sabah. The Sultan of Brunei, Sir Omar Saifuddin, came to Kuala Lumpur to tell me how pleased he was that Malaysia was to be formed, and I could expect Brunei to be the first to join in. Me Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore was all the time behind this move because Britain would not give Singapore freedom except with Malaysia. Sarawak on the whole was most enthusiastic., but the people had internal problems. There were many communists in Sarawak, and there were some members in the Chinese community who preferred to remain under British rule. But it was agreed that we should not rush inot this new Malaysia concept without having first a referendum to ascertain the views of all the people.

In July, 1961 the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association held a meeting in Singapore to discuss the formation of Malaysia. At this meeting Sabah and Sarawak proposed that a solidarity consultative committee be formed immediately to discuss Malaysia. Prominent members of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association consisting of the representatives of all the States of Malaya, the Borneo States, Singapore and Brunei were appointed.

This committee would take into account of every point raised at the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and would make sure that the Malaysia plan which had risen so suddenly would not go wrong. This committee met four times in Jesselton, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. At all these meetings the committee submitted their report on the progress of the Malaysia plan from the respective States. In general all the States supported Malaysia, and proposed that the need for the formation of Malaysia and their support should be widely publicized.

A memorandum was put up in Singapore on February 3, 1962 signed by the chairman of this committee, (Tun) Ahmad Fuad (Donald Stephens). Brunei was represented by Datuk Setia Pengiran Ali as observer. The Sabah representative was (Tun) O.K.K. Datu Mustapha Datu Harun; Sarawak: Teo Cheng Hoe; the Federation of Malaya: Khir Johari; and Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew.

On January 16, 1962 the British and the Malayan Governments agreed to appoint a commission headed by Lord Cobbold to investigate the wishes of the people of Sabah and Sarawak, and prepare the constitution of Malaysia. The two States promptly issued a white paper for the benefit of the Cobold Commission so that it would understand beforehand the feeling of the people of these two States with regard to Malaysia.

The Cobold Commission took two months to carry out their work, and they received many thousands of letters from associations, from tribes, from individuals and political parties, from workers’ unions, religious organizations, and members of councils/assemblies. Everybody who wished to offer their opinion either for or against Malaysia, was invited to send in their letters to this Cobold Commission. In June 1962 the commission submitted their report, favouring Malaysia. As a result of the unanimous support, a delegation of representatives from the States of Singapore, Sarawak and British North Borneo were invited to meet the British Government’s representative, at a conference with Lord Landowne, the Minister for the Colonies, as the chairman, and Tun Abdul Razak as a deputy.

cRoSsWoRd PuZzLe.......

FoRuM...........

BeHiNd ThE DrAmA ScEnE.......

SCENE 1 :- The Confrontation.....


SCENE 2 :- The Formation of Malaysia..............



Preparation to Change The Next Scene............



SCENE 3 :- Fighting for Independence......

WoRdSeArCh......

1. Assimilation.
2. Acculturation.
3. Ethnocentrism.
4. Discrimination.
5. Segregation.
6. Accommodation.
7. Enculturation.
8. Pluralism.
9. Racism.
10. Stereotype.
11. Nation.
12. Prejudice.

DiAlOgUeS aNd CoMiCs........